7th+Period

​ ​òó​​7th Period Wiki
= = = = = FIRST WAVE OF IMMIGRATION (1600-1880s) =

United Kingdom (England, Scotland and Wales)
Information: Question 8: In conclusion, include any information that you may consider to be relevant, interesting or important about the country and wave of immigration that you are researching. I chose this question because i had a lot of information on it. English Americans were considered to be 'invisible' immigrants because they fit in very well with the Americans. The immigrants from England were the first non-Native Americans to settle in the United States. But the English immigration stopped from 1775 - 1790 because of the Revolutionary War and then stopped again because of the Civil War from 1861 - 1865. Immigration started back up again after that though.

Question 3: Why did people leave the country you are researching? I chose to summarize this because I had enough information on this and I liked this question. People left England because they wanted to excersise their own religion and they wanted liberation from religious intolerance. The English left also because some of them were not wecome such as the Catholics and Quakers. They also left because of a series of crop faliures and shortage of land. Georgia was set up for debtors where people could get a new start. But the English government refused to transport many of the debtors, so that idea never worked.

Question 2: During the time period you are researching, explain the conditions in the United States. What were the conditions? I chose to summarize this this because I thought the question was interesting and i had good pull factors. The wild west drew many English gentlemen to the United States. People also came to take industrial jobs and to become farmers and ranchers. The land was also cheap. Another reason people came to the Untied States was that there were so many oppurtunities available in America because of industrilalization and westward expansion.

Works Cited: "English Americans." __Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America.__ 2000 Daniels, Roger. __American Immigration A Student Company.__ New York City: Oxford University Press, 2001 "English Americans" __Gale Cenage Learning.__ Lerner Publication. 16 December 2009. [] "England" __SIRS Discoverer.__ SIRS Publishing Inc. 16 December 2009. [|http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com]

Student's First Name and Last Initial: Kathy C.

Ireland
Information: Question 3: Why did people leave the country you are researching? I chose to summerize this question because I found a lot of information on it, and am most comfortable with it. Between the 1860's and the 1880's, there were many reasons Irishmen left Ireland and immigrated to America. One reaseon wold be the potato blight that began in 1845.The food the Irish rely on the most is potatoes. During the potato blight, a mysterious disease attached the potato crops. One third of the crops were ruined. Then in the spring when the potatoes were replanted, three fourths of the crops were ruined. Because of this the potato famine took place, creating starvation and disease. Also in the 1860's Irsland was controlled by England. England took most of the Irish farm land and Parliament passed poor laws to give the Irish minimal help during periods of poverty. They did this to encourage the Irish to leave.Many Irishmen were forced to immigrate to the United States, Canada, and Boston, where many of them settled.

Question 5: What was daily life like for immigrants from the country that you are researching? What challenges did they face? What jobs did they find? I chose to summerize this question because I think it is one of the most important questions asked, and was heavy with information. Once Irishmen immigrated to the United States, they met many challenges. Their daily life was pretty tough, as they had a hard time assimulating American culture. They worked in the mining, quarrying, bridge building, canal building, and railroad construction buisnesses. They were also factory wokers, janitors, and waitors. They recieved minimal pay and had long hours. After a while however, signs appeared in shop windows that said things like, "Irish need not pply." because Americans did not like the Irish.

Question 7: How did the immigrants from the country impact of change the United States?List positive and negitive contributions as well as examples of cultural difussions. I chose to summerize this question because I think it's important to know what kind of traditions came from where that are a part of an Americans everyday life. Once immigrants from Ireland came to the United States, many things changed. The Irish culture seemed to melt into an adverage American's life. Irish music was sharred, and even helped develope other kinds of music. Irish foods like soda bread, coddle, corned beef and potato bread becan=me more heard of as it began to be made in American homes. Irish pubs sprang up in America, and Irish whiskey was also shared. Irish humor became more known, and the Irish helped in labor movements and politica. The immigrants also had a few negitive effects on America too. They took many American jobs, most for low pay. This angered the Americans, who had worked hard to get short hours and a bigger pay, though the Irishmen were accepting anything.

Works Cited:__Irish Immigrants by__Megan O'Hara,__ACentury of Immigration__by Christopher Collier, Library Database: [|http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com], __World Book I-10__

My own country: Poland Question 3: Why did people LEAVE the country that you are researching? I chose this this question because I was most interested in the answers becasue they were more different than I expected. Many immigrants left Poland in the second wave. This is about 2.5 million people.The first to leave were farmers. They left for better economic opportunities. In Poland, farmers lost their land and couldn't support their families. Two different groups of immigrants immigrated to the United States. One group was the people who wanted to make a lot of money in America, and then go back to Poland and not be in poverty. Others, like so many, came for a fresh start. Many of the immigrants sold their animals and possessions so they could come to America.

Work Cited: [], [], Library Database [|http://discoverer.prod.sirs].

Student's First Name and Last Initial: Sydney C.

Question 3. Why did people leave the contry you are researching? I chose this question because I had a lot of detail. People left Ireland because of economic oppertunity. They wanted a better job. Farmers wanted thier own land. People also went because of religous percicution. People wanted freedom and a practice of thier own faith. They wanted to get away from war and political arrest.

Work Cited: no author Immigration The Irish [] 12/21/09

Germany
Information: Question 3: What was taking place in the country you are researching during the time period/ wave that you are researching? Discribe the situation in detail. I chose to summerize this question because I liked how the gremany's did not leave there homeland just for poilics. Also I liked this question. In Germany at this time period many felt uncomfortable and wanted to leave. In Germany many different conflets were starting. Some people said that this was going to be the start of many Civil Wars. As a result of all this happening the Holy Empire was starting to slowly brack down. Some people felt that it was to strong. With the people so did some of the people in the Empire. Soon things got out of control and a seiors of Civil Wars begain. People were burning down villiges and and killing each other. Also the Holy Empire had also come to an end in 1806. So as this was all happening many did not want this life style and started to immigrate to America. This is where people were promised a land of freedom and oppertunities.

Question 7: How did the immigrents from the country that you are reserching impact of change of the United States? List the positive and nigative contibuatation as well as examples of cultural diffusion. I chose to summarize this question because I felt that it was cool how to see how are countery came to be. The Germany's had many different contibuations some positve and some negitive. Some of the good ones were that they brought over Lutherisum and Protestion. People still have this as there religion. Also Bach and Mozart were born in Germany. Meny people who want to go in the feld of art will study Germany sculpchers. Also many home made crafts came from Germany. The German's were skilled fighter. So as Americans we took the oppertinite to put them in are army so we could be better and stronger. Some negitive contributations are that many people did not like there way of life and belifs the Germanys had. Also people were nerves that Americans would soon chatch on and change thier way of life.

Question 4: Where did people from the country that you sare reserching settle? Explain why they setteled where they did. I chose to summerize this question because I had the most infermation avout and felt most comforatble to write about it. Germany's settaled like all other immigreants would, they settaled together in the same kind of area they felt most comfortable in. That would be in Rural or Urban areas. This was usaly in Missouri, Michigan, and in Ohio. Here they could have there own communitys and have eveyone speck the same laguage. This way it was very easy for all to have the life they came to America for. Also they could practes thier religions.

Abby J.'s Chosen Country Question 3- Why did people leave the country that you are researching? I chose this question because I though that it was interesting to my own background. People chose to leave Germany throughout the years for many reasons. In the 1700s, many people left German because the country was being attacked from various countries. Immigrating to the United States would allow Germans to find a new life in America. Later in the 1800s, German immigrants left their home country because of a sudden population growth and religious persecution. Others left because of the failed German revolution of 1848.

My own country that i picked - Scotland Question 8: In conclusion include any information that you may consider to be relevent, interesting,or importaint about are countery or wave of immigration that you are reaserching. I felt this was the most interesting. Also i hade the most information on. Many Scotish immergrants came with alot of the weath. There was two different types of groups. The lowlanders and the highlanders.the Highlanders would make a living by stealing or aquiring from the Lowlanders. Most Scotish immergrants came when the American country was most diverted at the time. This was good for them because the base of the American language was on old english.So as english being there language it was easy for the to addapt. They also fit in well with the other Americans. This was good in the job industrey.

Works Cited:Encyclopedia 1 United States, world book, year 2001. Encyclopedia 2 title Scots and Scotish Irish Immigreants,U.X.L encyclopedia. Encyclopedia 3 James J.Sheehan, History, World Book,2005. Book Helen Frost, German Immigrants in 1820-1920 Minnesota, Capstone Press,2002. Web Site, Emma Lazarus, The Germanys, Immigeation jurney to America, [], viewd Decienber 12,2009. Book Christophere Collier, A century of Immigration, New York,Benchmark Books, 2000. Student's First Name and Last Initial: Julia B.

China
Information: Question 3- Why did people leave the country that you are researching? I chose this to summarize question because I wanted to know the reasons that would cause someone to leave their home and take on an entire new lifestyle. In China, during the time period of 1600-1800, many Chinese citizens left China to come to the United States. They had to learn a new lifestyle. There were many reasons why the immigrants left. From 1839-1842, China was in war with England. During the time period of 1856-1860, China was in war with England again! Many were tired of the hatred and danger from the wars so they left their country. Poor economy was also a push factor from China. There weren't many jobs available and many families went hungry. A famine swept over the country. Citizens fled to the United States in search for jobs and a better life. Massive floods were also a problem. Many homes were destroyed (many of the Chinese's homes were on water). Instead of building new homes, citizens left for the United States.

Question 5- What was daily life like for the immigrants from the country that you are researching? What challenges did they face? What jobs could they find? I chose to summarize this question because I found it interesting to learn about their lifestyle. Chinese immigrants settled in many different places, found many different jobs, for many different reasons. A lot of Chinese immigrants settled near gold mines because of the 1849 Gold Rush that was taking place in the United States. They also set up canvas camps by the mountains. They settled in states west of the Rocky Mountains to work for railroad companies. A lot of Chinese Americans also stayed with their ethnic group to feel more comfortable. Chinese settlement was also controlled by economic development and racial exclusion. Chinese immigrants ended up working a large variety of different jobs. Some jobs that were available were mining gold, railroad building, in small import-export businesses, hard labor manmufacturing, the service industry, and retail in rural communities.

Question 6- What obstacles did immigrants from the country that you are researching face? (Discrimination, Assimilation) I chose to summarize this question because I was curious about what happened to the immigrants when they got to the United States. Chinese Americans faced a lot of discrimination. For example, many Chinese worked in railroad building. The Irish would get paid $35 with food and board. The Chinese would get paid $27 without food and board. July 1st was a sort of a Humiliation Day for the Chinese because the United States had banned Chinese Immigration for 24 years. It was humiliating to be a Chinese immigrant already there. They were also sometimes denied by other citizens. They were discriminated against and politically disenfranchised. To be politically disenfranchised means you are denied the right to citizenship, and the rights you earn as a citizen, like the right to vote or hold a rally for a canidate. Even thought the Chinese Americans tended to stay with their ethnic group, they did eventually either assimilate or acculturate. Children did this a lot faster than adults because they wanted to be seen as Americans. They went to school to learn English, played American games and dressed in Americans style clothes. Chinese Americnas also joined organizations to fight for equal rights.

Works Cited: "Chinese Americans." __Gale Encyclopedia od Multicuttural America__. 2000 ed.

Daley, William. __The Chinese Americans__. NewYork: Chelsea House Publishers, 1996.

"Introduction-Immigrants from china- Library and Archives Canada." __[|www.google.com]__. 15 Dec. 2009. <[]>

"Chinese Immigration." __[|www.google.com]__. 16 Dec. 2009. <[]>

Student's First Name and Last Initial: Amanda A. Information: Question 3- Why did people leave the country that you are researching? I chose this question because I have a lot of information on it. People left Sweden for three main reasons. One reason being because of starvation and famine. Between 1867 and 1869, the country of Sweden went through a tough time including too much rain, too little rain, and disease across crops. This greatly affected crops which affected farmers and the whole population of Sweden. Following this, starvation swept over the country, and families grew poor. As a result, the opportunity for land in the United States became a huge pull factor for many Swedish farmers. Sweds also were attracted to America by land offerings such as the Homestead Act and the settling of the West.
 * Sweden**

Question 4- Where did people from the country that you are researching settle? Explain why they settles where they did. I chose this question because the answers that I found were similar in all of my sources, so I knew that they were valid. Immigrants from Sweden settled in various places in the United States. In the 1600s, man Swedes settled in present day Delaware. They called it New Sweden. In the 1800s however, about 10,000 Swedes went to Chicago. In fact, because there was such a large Swedish population in Chicago, and section of the city was called Swede Town. Other Sweden immigrants headed to Utah if they were mormon, because of the large population of mormons in Utah. Still other Swedes settled in the mid-west and on the Great Plains because the great farming conditions.

Question 8- In conclusion, include any information that you may consider to be relevant, interesting or important about the country and wave that you are researching. I chose this question because I got to tie any important information together. Some interesting information that I found relevant was the fact that between 1851 and 1930 1.2 million people left Sweden to come to the United States. During this time the birthrate in Sweden was slower than the death rate because so many people left Sweden. I also found out while researching that the reason that the NFL team is called the Minnesota Vikings is because there was a large population a nordic and swedish people living in Minnesota. Another intriguing fact is that the founder of the Hilton hotel chain, Conrad Hilton, was a Swedish immigrant. On the other hand, Carl Erick Wickman immigrated from Sweden and went on the found the Greyhound Bus Line company. Works Cited: Granquist, Mark A. "Swedish Americans." __Gale Countries and Their Cultures__. 18 Dec. 2009.  McGill, Allyson. __The Swedish Americans.__ Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1997. Melchisedech Olsen, Kay. __Norwegian, Swedish and Danish Immigrants__. Mankato, Minnesota: Capstone Press, 2002. "Swedish Americans." __Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America__. 2000 ed.

Student's First Name and Last Initial: Abby J.

= SECOND WAVE OF IMMIGRATION (1880s-1920s) =

Italy
I chose to summarize this question because it is important information and I have a lot of information about it. Italy was going through a bad time during the 1880's to the 1920's. Italy was going through a very rough time, politically and economically. Italy was going through a very rough time and Italy was really not a great place to be in during this time.
 * Information: Question 1 - What was taking place in the country you are researching during the time period you are researching?**

Works Cited:

Student's First Name and Last Initial: Jeremy I.

Italy #2
Question #3: Why did people leave the country that you are researching?** I chose to summarize this question because I had a lot of information in this subject. I was also the most interested in this because it gave me a lot of information about Italy's history at the time. People left Italy for three major reasons. The first was overpopulation. Starting in the 1970s, Italian birthrates rose and death rates fell. Overpopulation was especially bad in Il Mezzogiorno, the southern and poorest part of Italy. The second major reason that people left Italy was because of natural disasters. Events like volcanic eruptions, major earthquakes, and severe crop failure causing famine, all drove people out of Italy. Overpopulation and natural disasters resulted in the third major reason people left Italy, poverty. People were in poverty because the Italian government was most populated by northerners (the richer part of Italy). The south was hurt by high taxes and tariffs on northern industrial goods. There was also scarcity of cultivative land, soil erosion, deforestation, and lack of coal and iron for industry. Natural disasters, over population, poverty, famine, and a corrupt government were all reasons Italians had left their home land and set sail for America.
 * Information:

Where did people from the country that you are researching settle? Explain why people settled where they did.** I chose to summarize this question because it interested me that Italians settled in big cities so close to home. When Italians left Ellis Island, they headed for cities. They settled in these urban areas because it was inexpensive. However, the areas were often in the slums with disease and very little money. They also settled in urban areas because it was very close to their jobs, such as manufacturing and construction work. By 1910, 340,000 Italians populated in New York City.
 * Question #4:

What was daily life like for the immigrants from the country that you are researching? What challenges did they face? What jobs could they find?** I chose to summarize this question because I had a lot of information on it and I thought it was very important. When Italian immigrants arrived into the United States, many of them relied on the help of a "padrone", or "labor boss". The "padrone" helped Italians find jobs such as digging tunnels, laying railroad tracks, constructing bridges and roads and helping to build the first skyscrapers. In 1890, ninety percent of New York City's public workers and ninety-nine percent of Chicago's street workers were Italian. Family was the core of the Italian immigrants' life. Many older Italians were not as willing as their younger children to give up their family traditions and become more Americanized. Because wages were low, and Italian families were so large, fathers were forced to send their children to work jobs for low wages. Some Italians began being active in unions. One Italian, Luigi Antonini, played an important role in the ILGWU. Daily life was a struggle for most Italian Americans. There were poor working conditions and poor living conditions. They had to work hard to survive and support their families.
 * Question #5:


 * Country Chosen: ITALY - Second Wave**

I chose to summarize this question because it related strongly to my own family background. Italians relied on their families for everything and few had traveled from their villages. Because of this, traveling and adjusting to the United States was very difficult for them. They arrived at Ellis Island unaware of the value of self-help societies. Most importantly, Italians came without papers, such as birth certificates and passports. It was also very hard for Italian immigrants to give up their sacred traditions and assimilate, many acculturated. One of the major obstacles that Italians faced with assimilation was the language barrier. Many Italians refused to learn English, so much so that they would move near each other in order not to have to use the English language as much as possible. Italians were among the poorest people to come to the United States. Since most immigrants from Italy were from southern Italy, many could not read, write or speak English. They took the lowest paying jobs that no one else wanted. To help the poor and to unite and strengthen the Italian immigrants' communities, a group called the "Sons of Italy" was formed in 1905. By 1921, membership reached 125,000 people. Italian immigrants worked hard and gave up a lot to assimilate and make a living in order to have a better life for themselves and their families. Because of their hard work, they have contributed to American culture greatly in many ways.
 * Question #6:**
 * What obstacles did immigrants from the country you are researching face?**

Personal Summary 3. Why did people leave the country you are researching? I chose to summarize this question because i thought it was the most important question on the sheet.

In Italy, during the second wave of immigration, many people started immigrating to the United States. People left in the late 18th century because of sever crop failure. Sever crop failure waused famine and poverty. People also left Italy because France taxed imported wine. Italian people also left Italy, during the second wave of immigration, because Chloera Epidemic killed more than 55,000 people by 1887 Erin G.

Print Encyclopedia Website

Works Cited: American Immigration Law Foundation. "The Story of Italian Immigration". __The American Immigration Law Foundation__. Dec. 15, 2009.http: //www. ailf.org / awards/benefit2004/ahp04essay.asp DiFranco, J. Philip. __The Immigrant Experience: The Italian American.__ New York-Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1996. "History of the United States." __World Book Advanced__, December 17, 2009.  "Italian and Greek Immigration". __UXL Encyclopedia US History__**,** 2009. Mintz, S. "Italian Immigration". __Digital History__. December 15, 2009. //

Student's First Name and Last Initial: Isabella C.

Greece - Caroline
Information:Question three-Why did people leave the country that you are researching? I chose to summerize this question because I have more than one insight of why Greeks left for America other than the poor economic conditions in Greece. Summary:Durning the late 1890s to the 1920's, one of the major reasons that Greek farmers left for America was the terrible economic situation in Greece due to the rising prices in other countries such as France. Another reason that Greeks left for America was that Greece was at war with the Ottoman Empire starting in 1897 due to the revolt in Crete against the Turks.

Question five-What was daily life like for the immigrants from the country tat you are researching? What challendges did they face? What jobs did they have? I chose to summarize this question because I have the most information out of all the questions that I've answeed for Greek-Americans. Summary: When Greek Immigrants arrived in America, the first thing that they set out for was a job so they could suuport themselves. The jobs that most Greek Immigrants had in thecity was padrone systemwhere you could sell fruits and vegtables in street cart and you had a room and board from your boss. Many of the other jobs that they had was Railroad building,farming ,and coal mining in the Midwest. They also worked in Texile mills as well. Their main religion was the Greek Othrodox Church that they brought ot America.All of the Greeks in the community were al part of the churche's activities.The majority of Greek-Immigrants in cities live together in small neighborhoods called Greek towns//. The majority of the neighborhoods were make up of Fruit and meat Markets, Coffee houses, and Apartments.

Question seven- How did the immigration from the country that you are reseaching impact the change of United States? I chose to summarize this question because I wanted to list the impact that Greek-Immigrants brought to America. Summary:After nearly a hundred and twenty years that Americans with Greek decendents came here, ther had shared their culture with us tremendously. One big example is that their Cuisine was brought over here(Gyros are one of the most popluar sandwiches in America today.) and the annual four-year World Olympics. The Greek Immigrants also brought th G reek Orthodox church with them as well. Works Cited: Book:Greek Immigrants Author's name:Rosemary Wallner City of publication and year:Man kanto Minnesota, 2003 Encyclopedia: Websters World Encyclopedia Year:1999 Article:Greek-Americans Student's First Name and Last Initial:Caroline K.//

Greece - Cassie
Information: Question #1- What was taking place in the country you are researching during the time period/ wave that you are researching? Describe the situation in detail. I chose to summarize this question becausei found alot of information on it. In Greece during the second wave of immigration, Greece had many issues. Some issues were starvation, unemployment, ethnic oppressions and poverty. Also there was an unstable economy and Greece was dominated by foriegn powers. At one point of time Greece was under Turkish rule. These hardships encouraged Greeks to find freedom and a new life. I found the answer to this question a book, encyclopedia and a website. Question #3- Why did people leave the country you are researching? I chose to summarize this question because it interested me. Some Greeks left Greece to come to America for different reasons. Some reasons were to seek justice and opportunity also, many were starving, unemployed and treated badly. In Greece there was an agricultural depression, un fair taxing frequent changes in government and natuural disasters so many people wanted to leave. However, the main reason they left was because they wanted to get a job in America, raise money and go back yo Greece and support their families. I found this answer in a book, encyclopedia and website. Question # 8- In conclusion, include any information that you may consider to be relevant, interesting or improtant about the country and wave of immigration that you are researching. I chose to summarize this question because it interested me to learn about the Greek culture. Some interesting information about Greece is that many Greeks and Greek Americans have many religious and spiritual beleifs that they still hold true to. Also, many word came from Greek roots like astro means star in Greek andand astronaut is someone who goes into space. Lastly, Greeks make many spiritual items such as komboloi or worry beads. Worry beads help to get rid of any worries you have. I found this andswer in a book and encyclopedia.

Works Cited:

"Greek Americans." __Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural Americans__. 2005 ed.

Wallechinski, David and Wallace, Irving. "People,Races,Ethnicity in the U.S. Greek Americans." 20 Dec 2009. 

Katz, William Loren. __A History of Multicultural America: The Great Migrations__. Austin:Vaughn Publishers, 1993

Karpozilos, Kostis. 'Early Greek Socialist Organization in America." 18 Dec 2009. 

Wallner, Rosemary.// __Greek Immigrants 1890-1920__. Mankato: Capstone Press, 2003

//Student's First Name and Last Initial: Cassie W.  //

Russia
Information: Question #1. What was taking place in the country that you are researching during the time period that you are researching? I chose this question because I understand it very well and I had a lot of information. In Russia, peaople left because of economic hardship. Many people couldn't find jobs. people were also getting judged on thier political point of view. Russians were getting decriminated by thier religion. The percentage of people losing was rapisly increacing.

Question #6 What obsticles did immigrants from the country you're researching face? Explain your answer. I choose this question because Ihad a lot of detail. The obsticles that immigrants from Russia faced were adjusting to America's religion and language. Everywhere that they went people were speaking english and nobody ever knew what they were saying because they couldn't understand russians. They also had trouble adjusting to thier enviornment. Most Russians had too much trouble doing that so they just acculturated or used thier habbets and trying to assimilated to the Americans at the same time. Question #4 Where did people from the country you are researching settle? I chose this question because I had a lot of information.

Most people in Russia settled in the Northeast in places like New York, Penncylvania, and New Jersey. 44% of Jewish Russian settled in the Northeast also. Mololcans settled in Philidelphia, Chicago, and California. Non-Jewish immigrants settled in Pittsburgh, Clevland, and Pencylvania.

Works Cited: Magocsi, Paul Significant Immigration Waves Russian Americans 1999

Frost, Helen Russian Immigration Mankato, Minnisotta 2003 Capstone Press

Magocsi, Paul Russian Immigrants Russian Immigrants www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Russian-Americans.html 12/17/09

None Russian Immigrants Russian Immigrants www.sparticus.co.uk/USAErussia.htm Student's First Name and Last Initial:

Jewish Immigrants
Information: Question number 4: Where did people from the country that you are reasearching settle? Explain why people settled where they did. I chose to summarize this question because it was interseting to see where the bigger Jewish populations are. Many Jewish immigrants settled in the northern cities of the United States.The German Jews mostly settled in the areas around Chicago, Cleveland, St.Louis, and New York City. The Russian and Polish Jews mostly settled in the eastern cities of the United States. The Jewish people settled in big cities where they could start their own communities. The Jewish peple also settled in big cities to find factory jobs and to start their own shops.

Question number 3: Why did people LEAVE the country that you are reasearching? I chose to summarize this question because it tells you what the Jewish went through that made them leave. The Jewish people left their countries because they didn't "fit in" with everyone else's religion. The Jews were being put through social turmoil. In their countries, they also had poor social and economic conditions. The jews moved out of their countries and to the United States for religious freedom. When the Jewish people were "fitting in" with the American culture and actually being accepted, it showed that the United States really believed in freedom of religion.

Question number 5: What was daily life like for the immigrants from the country that you are reasearching? What challenges did they face? What jobs could they find? I chose to summarize this question because it shows how most of the immigrants lived and what they lived in when they were in the United States. The apartments that Jewish people lived in were very small. Families of five to six people lived in an apartment of two or three rooms. There was one bathroom on each floor of the building. That bathroom was shared by every family living on that floor. Every Jewish person had to learn English. The children would learn it at school and the adults would learn English from the children or at work. Also, many Jewish people worked in sweatshops. Some were peddlers or tailors that started their own shops.

Works Cited: Encyclopedias- Gall, Timothy "Jewish Americans" __Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life__ 1998 ed. "Jewish Americans" __Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia__ 16 December 2009.< [|http://go.grolier.com]> Book- Haberle, Susan __Jewish Immigrants 1880-1924__ Mankato, Minnesota: Capstone Press, 2003 Websites- Kamp, Jim "Jewish Americans" __Jewish Americans-History, European Life,__ 16 December 2009. <[|http://www.everyculture.com]> Library Database- Roberts, Sam "Who's Coming To America" __New York Times Upfront__ __SIRS Researcher.__ SIRS knowledge Source 17 December 2009 <[|http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com]> Student's First Name and Last Initial: Ashley L.

​ ** Switzerland ** Information: Question 3- Why did people leave the country that you are researching? I chose to summarize this question because I was curious about the reasons that would cause someone to take on an entire new lifestyle. Immigrants left Switzerland for a few reasons during the second wave of immigration. There was an economic crisis taking place in Switzerland. The 1849 Gold Rush and the luscious land were pull factors for the United States.

Question 5- What was daily life like for the immigrants from the country that you are researching? What challenges did they face? What jobs could they find? I chose to summarize this question because I wanted to know what happened to the immigrants after they arrived in the United States. Swiss Americans mainly settled in Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, or anywhere else in the rural midwest. Immigrants were usually artisans or farmers who came to the United States in search of land. They also found American culture similiar to their own.

Question 7-How did immigration from the country you are researching impact the United States? I chose to summarize this question beacuse I wanted to learn more about it. Swiss Americans had many impacts on the United States. They helped to fight for people to stop moving into the Appalachian West. They worked in the Southwest to help the growth of New Spain. Swiss people were also involved in the Revolutionary War and fought on both sides. They call this war, the American War of Independence.

Work cited:

Schelbert, Leo."Swiss Americans."__Gale Encylopedia of Muticultural America__." 2000 ed.

"Keeping the Swiss Memory Alive in the US." __[|www.google.com]__. 17 Dec. 2009. <http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/index/keeping_the_swiss_memory_alive_in_the_us.html?cid=5472602

Poland
Information: Question 2- During the time period you are researching, explain the conditions within the United States. What were the conditions? I chose this question because I thought that conditions in the United States could be a push or pull factor as to why polish immigrants came to the United States, or left the United States to go back to Poland. The conditions in the United States weren't bad, but they weren't great either. What was bad? Well being immigrants, they were given different jobs that were very difficult, and the Polish immigrants didn't have good work ethics. With a job comes money, and without good work ethics, they weren't paid much. The good part of immigrating to the United States, was that they got to start over, and got better lives. Shockingly, Polish immigrants were assimilated easier than other immigrants, and were treated better racially. Question 6- What obstacles did immigrants from the country that you are researching face? I chose this question because, I thought that this was important when looking at this question, I thought it would be important towards any immigrant. Many obstacles came and went for Polish immigrants, the common obstacles faced were learning the American language, and picking up on American customs. Question 7- How did the immigration from the country that you are researching impact of change the United States? List positive and negative contributions as well as examples of cultural diffusion. I chose this question because, i thought it interesting that Polish is one of the most popular heritages to ever come to the United States. Before the Polish came to the United States the population was fairly large. But, when Polish immigrants arrived, they made up 2.5% of the population which was about 2,000,000 immigrants.

Works Cited: Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America by Syd Jones. Polish Immigrants 1890-1920 by Rosemary Wallner.

Student's First Name and Last Initial: Emily W.

Bryce Rydza I chose to do question 3. Why did people leave the country that you are reasearching? People left Poland during the second wave of immigration because of the communists take over of Poland. Some Poles were displaced as a result of World War ll. In 1945 some polish immigrants were forced to leave Poland because of the wartime german occupation. Some of them also left the country because they did not want to get caught up in all of the fuss about the war. Also because they wanted to know how a new way of life would feel like if they moved to the United States of America. = = =** Germany **= Information: Question 3- Why did people leave the country that you are researching? I chose this question because, I wanted to know why German immigrants left Germany. People left Germany, mostly because of crop failure due to famine. There were other main problems as well. Disease, which was a common reasoning for coming to the United States. German people often believed that nobility had to much power over the people of Germany. Many men immigrated to the United States from Germany because, many men didn't want to fight in the German army, and thought that they were being pushed to fight for something that many men didn't want.

Work Cited: German Immigrants by Helen Frost & Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America by La Vern J. Rippley.

Student's First Name and Last Initial: Emily W.

Poland
Information:Question five- What was daily life like for the immigrants from the country you are researching? What chalenges did they face? What jobs did they find? I chose to summarize this question because I wanted to give and aid of what jobs, life, and challendges the polish faces altogether. Summary: The daily life for Polish-Americans in the 1880s was like any other for an immigrant. The jobs that Polish men took were in factories, like automoblie factories, and mining coal as well. The jobs that women took were as maids, unskilled workers in Gorment factories,and sweatshops.Polish-Americans were part of the Polish Catholic church and lived together in neighborhoods called Polonia in large industrial cities. Works cited: Book:Polish Immigrants Author's name- Rosemary Wallner City of Publicationand publication year: Man Kanto, Minnesota, 2003 Student's First Name and Last Initial:
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**China**
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Japan
Information: 3. Why did people leave the country you are researching? I chose to summarize this question because i had a lot of information on it and i found it very intriguing.

In Japan, during the second wave of immigration, many Japanese people immigrated to the United States. Some of these people moved to the U.S in search of gold. Others came to get out of debt and avoid prison. These people thought that that they could leave all of there problems back in Japan if they escaped to the U.S. Another reason why Japanese people came to the United States during the second wave of immigration, was to get away from strict Japanese culture. More and more people from Japan were moving to the United States each year during the second wave of immigration.

4. Where did people from the country you are researching settle? Explain why people settled where they did. I chose to summarize this question because on had a lot of information to go along with this subject.

People from Japan, when they first immigrated to the United States during the second wave of immigration, settled in Sand Island, Hawii. People from Japan kept going to Sand Island and eventually Hawii and Japan made a deal. they agreed that the Japanese could continue moving to Sand Island, but in return they had to become a contract laborer on a sugarcane plantion. they would come and work without wages for three years to pay off their ship passage and living expenses. This "immigration gate-way" soon became overpopulated. Hawii was not yet one of the U.S's fifty states so when Hawii became too crouded, the Japanese migrated to the United States.

1. What was taking place in the counry you are researching during the wave you are researching? Describe the situation in detail. I chose to summarize this question becuase found it very interesting.

In Japan, during the second wave of immigration, a lot was going on. The Japanese were classified by a class system. the highest class was the Samurai Warriors. the next highest class was the Farmers. The next highest class was the Craftspeople. The lowest class was the Traders. In Japan, during this time, you were classified by your profession and wealth. Also, in 1873, commander Mathew Perr came. He demanded that Japan allow him, his crew, and other foreigners into their country.

Works Cited: Encyclopedia #1 Authors name: Easton Stanley/ Ellington Lucien Tittle of Article: Japanese Americans Tittle of Encyclopedia: Gale Encyclopedia Of Multiculture America Date Viewed: 12/15/09 City of Publication: Detroit

Book Author's name: Rosemary Wallner Title of Book: Japanese Immigrants City of Publication: Minnesota Year: 2002 Publisher: Capstone Press

Website #1 Author: no author Title of Webpage: Japanese Immigrants Title of Web Site: Immigrants Web Site Adress: http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/japanese.html Date Viewed: 12/16/09

Website #2 Author's name: no author Title of Webpage: The History of Japanese Immigration Tittle of Web Site: Immigration Web Site Adress: http://brownvboard.org/brwnqurt/03-4/03-4a.htm Date Viewed: 12/17/09

Student's First Name and Last Initial: Erin G.

**Hungary** Information: Question #8- In conclusion, include any information that you may consider to be relevant, interesting or important about the countryand wave of immigration you are researching. I chose to summarize this question because i like learning of different cultures. In Hungary they have many different beleifs and cultural ideas. However most of the attention is focused on native born Hungarians not Hungarian Americans. For instance, there is no suce thing as a Hungarian American holiday because the attention of most unassimilated Hungarian Americans is focused on the mother country. Also, did you know that Hungary has the highest suicide rate in the world just out of chance! For this answer i used an encyclopedia.

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"Hungarian Americans." __Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America__. 2005 ed. ​ = THIRD WAVE OF IMMIGRATION (1970s-present) =

Korea
Information: Question 1- What was taking place in the country you are researching during the time period/wave that you are researching? Describe the situation in detail. I chose this question because I found the most information about it. In South Korea the economy was thrivng despite having a repressive ruler. In the 1980's the Korean economy grew and climbed out of poverty. It became an affluent society. In 1988 the olympics were held in Seoul. By the 1990's South Korea had become a rich society. North Korea is ruled by communism. In the late 1990's there was a famine in North Korea and many people died. North Korea is very repressive and very isolated. Question 2- During the time period you are researching, explain the conditions with in the United States. What were the conditions? I chose this question because there was BARELY any information on the third wave of Korea. In 1965 the immigration and naturalization act was passed. This act did away with any legal restrictions based on nationality, religion, ethnicity, or race. Asians were alowed to come to america as immigrants due to this act. Many Koreans took advantage of the law. Question 3- Why did people leave the country you are researching?

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Student's First Name and Last Initial: Matthew B.

Vietnam
Information:Question 6 What obsticles did immigrants from the country you are researching face? i chose to summarize this question because I thought I had alot of information about my country for this question. Immigrants from Vietnam faced many tough obsticles. Some Vietnamese coming into the U.S got thier last names changed if they were to long, when assmilated. Also, Vetnamese faced discrimination and predudicism from other sectors of american population. Last nearly half of the Vietnamese lived below poverty level in america.

Question 3 Why did people leave the country that you are researching? I am summarizing this question because there were good reasons in my answer to leave their home country. Vietnamese left thier country because basically they had no reason to stay. The mass of people forced relocation of citizens from urban to rural areas that have been destroyed in the Vietnam war. Also, the seizing of farmland drove Vietnamese away to find a better life in the U.S.

Question 2 During the time period which you are researching, explain the conditions within the united states. What were the conditions? I chose to summarize this question because I liked this quetion and the way I answered it too. During the 1970's the conditions in the U.S for migration were tough but reasonable. A poll in1975 showed a mere of 36% of americans were in favor of Vietnamese migration. So, many americans didn't want vietnamese in the U.S. Then it was tought for them to get into the U.S in the first place. So then congress passed the refugee act which reduced the restrictions on entry to the united states. Which allowed more and made it easier for vietnamese to migrate to the united states, to have a better life.

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Student's First Name and Last Initial: Anthony P.

Cambodia
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Philippines
Information:Question 1. What was taking place in the country you are researching during the time period/wave that you are researching? Describe the situation in detail. I summarized this question because it was the easiest one to do and I had a lot of information on this question. The Philipines were faced with a slowing economy and attacks by the guerrilla forces. The President of the United States Harry Truman proclaimed the independence of the Philipines on July 4, 1946. Manual Roxas was elected the first ever President of the Philipines. Ferdinand Marcos then declared martial law in 1972, this meant that the army had then went into control. Marcos was a dictator.

Question 3. Why did people leave the country that you are researching? I summarized this question because this question wasn easy to work on and I found a lot of information on it. Some reasons that Filipino immigrants left there country was to flee all of the conflict. Some other reasons they left was because of political unrest. Another reason the immigrants left was because the economy was very weak. Many filipino immigrants did not like Ferdinand Marcos because he was a dictator. There was many terrorist tactics in the Philipines at this time. Also violence overwhelmed the country.

Question 5. What was daily like for the immigrants from the country that you are reaseaching? What challenges did they face? What jobs could they find? I summarized this question because I couldn't find much on the other questions so I just chose to do this one. The daily life for the filipino americans was pretty bad for them. But they weren't as discriminated as the earlier philipine immigrants. Some challenges the immigrants faced were that it was hard to find jobs, but when they did find jobs they were for low pay. The kids couldn't really get a good education. They didn't know the english language. Some jobs that they found were jobs that were hard and was just labor. They couldn't become managers but could always work for someone.

Works Cited: Encyclopedia- Melendy,Brett Filipino Americans Gale Encyclopedia 2000 Detroit Gale

Book- The Newest Americans Newport,CT 2003 Greenwood Press

Website- Successful Filipinos in America http://britishexpats.com/forum/showthread.php?+=173891 BritishExpats.com 12-18-09

Library Database- Mariano,Connie First Doctor Copley News Sirs

Student's First Name and Last Initial: Bryce R.

Cuba
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Haiti
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Student's First Name and Last Initial: Kalvin W.

Mexico
Information:I am summarizing question 1. What was taking place in the country you are researching during the time period/wave that you are researching? Describe the situation? I choose to summarize this question because I have the most information on this question. In Mexico, rapid population and decline in the economy led to high unemployment in the 1970's. Mexicans were in search of work, they had housing problems, and some couldn't afford food. Then, oil reserves were discovered. By 1980, oil prices dropped and Mexico went into debt. Now, half the population in Mexico lives poverty.

I am summarizing question 2. During the time period which you are researching, explain the conditions within the United States? What were the conditions? In the United States during the 80's, the economy was soaring. Also, illegal immigration was soaring. So, in 1986, the U.S government passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act. In 1980, more than one million Mexicans lived in the United States compared to 1970. The conditions in the U.S compared to Mexico were pretty good. There was more work, land, and freedom.

I am summarizing question 6. What obstacles did immigrants from the country that you are researching face? [ Discrimination, Assimilation ] In 1974, Congress passed the Equal Education Opportunity Act. This act made equality in public schools by making education in the spanish language avalible to students with limited abilitys in English. Also, Mexican immigrants faced discrimination at work. Works Cited:

Student's First Name and Last Initial: Chris C.

Ukraine
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Bosnia
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Russia
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Iraq
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Lebanon
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Pakistan
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India
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Afghanistan
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China
Information: Question: How did the immigration from the country that you researched affect the united states? I chose this question because I thought it was interesting learning how other countries influenced the united states. Summary:Chinese introduced Americans to diets, and new foods, chinese resturants are found all over the united states, also chinese key ingredients. Chinese dishes are used on alot of cooking shows ect. Question:What obstacles did immigrants from the country i researched face? I chose the question because I wanted to see how the chinese adapted to the united states in all the different ways which was interesting. Summary: The obstacles they faced was discrimination and assimilation which made it hard to fit in. Also the chinese didn't understand alot of the things Americans did in their culture. Question: During the time of the country i'm researching what were the conditions? I chose this question because I didn't really know how the conditions where in china before i started researching and this question helped me understand it better. Summary: Chinese peasants lived in small country villages filled with tile roofed houses that had dirt floors! Generations of families shard houses often. The villages were filled with dogs, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, and horse. Works Cited:Wang, Chinese immigrants 1999 Ling overview.Encyclopedia. Google advanced search box. Chinese americans book by: Daniel Patrick moynihan. Melchisedech.

Student's First Name and Last Initial:Emilee V.

France
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Student's First Name and Last Initial:Ashley L.